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Ukuqonda I-Concrete Admixtures - I-concrete admixtures iyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izixube ezitholakalayo nokuthi zenzani.
Ama-admixtures yizithako ezikukhonkolo ezingezinye kunezisetshenziswa zikasimende ezisebenza nge-hydraulic, amanzi, ama-aggregates noma i-fiber reinforcement esetshenziswa njengezithako zengxube kasimende ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo zayo ezisanda kuhlanganiswa, ukusetha noma eziqinisiwe futhi zengezwe ku-batch ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi. ukuxuba.
Izixube ezinciphisa amanzi zithuthukisa ipulasitiki likakhonkolo (elimanzi) kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile, kuyilapho izixube ezilawula ukusetha zisetshenziswa kukhonkolo elibekwe futhi liqedwe ngaphandle kwamazinga okushisa asezingeni eliphezulu.Kokubili, uma kusetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, kunomthelela emikhubeni emihle yokuhlanganisa.

Izingxube

Embonini yesimanje yezokwakha , ngezansi kukhona izixube zikakhonkolo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Amanzi okunciphisa izixube zikakhonkolo
● Izixube zikakhonkolo ezigxumeke kakhulu
● Setha Ukubuyisela emuva izixube zikakhonkolo
● Ukusheshisa izingxube zikakhonkolo
● Izixube zikakhonkolo ezifaka umoya
● Izixube zikakhonkolo ezimelana namanzi
● Ama-Mortar Asephelelwe yisikhathi, alungele ukusetshenziswa
●Izingxube zikakhonkolo ezifuthiwe
● Ukugqwala okuvimbela izingxube zikakhonkolo
●Izingxube ze-Concrete ezinegwebu

Amanzi okunciphisa izixube zikakhonkolo
Izingxube ezinciphisa amanzi ziyizinto eziphilayo ezincibilika emanzini, ezinciphisa inani lamanzi adingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okunikezwayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okuqukethwe komoya noma ukuphulukiswa kukakhonkolo.Benza imisebenzi emithathu:
●Khulisa amandla nezinga lokuzuza amandla.
●Izomnotho ekwakhiweni kwenhlanganisela nokuncipha kwe-carbon footprint.
●Ukwenyuka kokusebenza.

Izixube zikakhonkolo ezigxumeka kakhulu
Izingxube zokunciphisa amanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zibizwa nge-Superplasticing admixtures zingamakhemikhali emvelo ancibilika emanzini, ngokuvamile ama-polymers, anciphisa kakhulu inani lamanzi adingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvumelana okunikeziwe kukhonkolo yepulasitiki.
Banciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla ezimfuneko eziphezulu zokusebenza.Ziphinde zithuthukise ukuqina.
Izingxube zokunciphisa amanzi ezibanga eliphezulu zisebenza ngendlela efanayo 'Nezithasiselo Zokunciphisa Amanzi Avamile, kodwa zinamandla kakhulu esenzweni sazo sokuhlakaza usimende futhi zingasetshenziswa ngethamo eliphezulu ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi engadingeki njengokufakwa komoya noma ukuvinjelwa kwesethi.

Setha izixube zikakhonkolo ezihlehlayo
Izixube ezihlehlisayo ezisethiwe zingamakhemikhali ancibilika emanzini abambezela ukumiswa kukasimende.Awenzi ipulasitiki ngokuphawulekayo futhi anomthelela omncane noma angabi nawo nhlobo ekudingeni amanzi noma kwezinye izakhiwo zikakhonkolo.
Setha izixube ezinciphisa amanzi ezibambezelekayo akugcini nje ngokubambezela ukumiswa kukasimende kodwa futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle kokuqala ngokufaka ukhonkolo ngepulasitiki noma unciphise isidingo sawo samanzi.Iningi lezixube ezihlehliswayo ezitholakalayo ezithengiswayo zingalolu hlobo.
Ukunciphisa amanzi okuncishiswa kanye nokuhlehlisa izinciphisi zamanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisetshenziselwa:
● Libazisa isikhathi sokumisa ukhonkolo
●Vimbela ukwakheka kwamalunga abandayo
●Khulisa ukusebenza kwasekuqaleni
● Thuthukisa ukugcinwa kokusebenza kokukhonkolo Khulisa amandla amakhulu.
●Khiqiza umnotho ngemiklamo exubile
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenkathi i-retarder iyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe i-slump.Ukwengezwa kwengxube ehlehlisayo ngokwako akukhiqizi ukuwohloka futhi ezinye izinguquko ezixutshweni cishe zizodingeka.

Ukusheshisa izingxube zikakhonkolo
Izixube ezisheshayo zingasetshenziswa ukukhulisa izinga lokuqiniswa/ukusetha ukhonkolo noma ukukhulisa izinga lokuqina kanye nokuzuza amandla kusenesikhathi ukuze kuvunyelwe ukususwa kokubunjwa nokuphathwa kwangaphambili.Ama-accelerator amaningi azuza okukodwa kuneyokubili le misebenzi.
Ama-accelerator asebenza kahle kakhulu ekushiseni okuphansi.Ama-accelerator esethi ayindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulawula isikhathi sokusetha samakhonkrithi anjalo, ngisho nalawo aqukethe izinto ezishintshwayo zikasimende.
Ama-accelerator nawo asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ingozi yomonakalo ngokuqhwaza lapho ukhonkolo esimweni sezulu esibandayo kanye nokuvumela ukususwa komsebenzi wefomu kusenesikhathi kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi awawona amakhaza.Ubuso obuveziwe bukakhonkolo obushayiwe kusafanele buvikelwe futhi belapheke kahle.
Emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile, indlela engcono yobuchwepheshe yokuthuthukisa amandla kusenesikhathi ukusebenzisa isinciphisi samanzi sebanga eliphezulu.
Ukwehliswa okukhulu (okungaphezu kuka-15%) esilinganisweni sikasimende wamanzi kungaba namandla okucindezela aphindwe kabili ebudala obungaphansi kwamahora angu-24.Ama-accelerator angasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nama-superplasticisers (< 0.35 w/c ratio) lapho amandla eminyaka yobudala edingeka kakhulu.Ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi.Uma kudingekile, ukusetshenziswa kwama-accelerator kungahlanganiswa nezinciphisi zamanzi zebanga eliphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuqala kukho kokubili izinga lokushisa eliphansi nelivamile.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusheshisa izixube zihlanganisa ukulungisa ukhonkolo okuphuthumayo kanye nomsebenzi wokuvikela ulwandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kokuqina kukakhonkolo endaweni yolwandle.

Izingxube zikakhonkolo ezifaka umoya
Izixube Zokufaka Umoya zingamakhemikhali asebenzayo angaphezulu adala amabhamuza amancane azinzile ukuthi akheke ngokufana ngengxube kakhonkolo.Amabhamuza ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-1 mm ububanzi futhi ingxenye ephezulu ingaphansi kuka-0.3 mm.
Izinzuzo zokufaka umoya kukhonkolo zihlanganisa:
●Ukwenyuka kokumelana nesenzo sokuqandisa nokuncibilika
●Ukukhula kokubumbana okuholela ekopheni okuncane kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuxubile.
●Ukucinana okuthuthukisiwe kumamiksi aphansi wokusebenza.
●Inikeza ukuqina kokhonkolo okhishiwe
●Inikeza ukubumbana okuthuthukisiwe nokuphatha izakhiwo ezingomeni zokulala.
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Izixube zikakhonkolo ezimelana namanzi
Izixube ezimelana namanzi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izixube 'zokuvikela amanzi' futhi zingaphinde zibizwe ngokuthi izixube zokunciphisa ukungena kwamanzi.Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukunciphisa noma ukumuncwa kwendawo kukhonkolo kanye / noma ukudlula kwamanzi ngokhonkolo oqinile.Ukufeza lokhu, imikhiqizo eminingi isebenza ngendlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezilandelayo:
● Ukunciphisa ubukhulu, inombolo kanye nokuqhubeka kwesakhiwo se-capillary pore
● Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwembobo ye-capillary
● Ukumboza ama-capillaries ngezinto ze-hydrophobic ukuvimbela ukudonswa kwamanzi ngokumuncwa / ukumuncwa kwe-capillary
Lezi zingxube 'zokuvikela amanzi' zinciphisa ukumuncwa kanye nokungena kwamanzi ngokusebenza esakhiweni se-capillary se-cement paste.Ngeke banciphise kakhulu amanzi angena ngemifantu noma ngokhonkolo ongahlanganiswe kahle okuyizizathu ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zokuvuza kwamanzi ezakhiweni zikakhonkolo.
Izingxube ezimelana namanzi ziboniswe ukuthi zehlisa ingcuphe yokugqwala kwensimbi eqinisayo kukhonkolo engaphansi kwezindawo ezinolaka kodwa lokhu kungaphansi kwezinhlobo ezifanele zengxube noma izinhlanganisela zezinhlobo ezisetshenziswayo.
Izingxube ezimelana namanzi zinezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlanganisa ukuncishiswa kwe-efflorescence, okungaba inkinga ethile kwezinye izakhi ze-precast.

Iphelelwe isikhathi, ilungele ukusebenzisa udaka
Ama-Mortar Aselulele Ukusebenziseka Kabusha asekelwe kwinhlanganisela ye-plastiser yodaka (ingxube yokufakwa komoya/i-plasticising) kanye ne-mortar retarder.Le nhlanganisela ilungiswa ukuze inikeze ukufana okunwetshiwe, ngokuvamile amahora angama-36.Kodwa-ke, lapho udaka lubekwe phakathi kwamayunithi amatshe amuncayo, ukulungiselelwa kuyasheshiswa futhi udaka lusethwa ngokujwayelekile.
Lezi zakhiwo zisiza ukuhlinzekwa kodaka ezindaweni zokwakha ngabanikezeli bempahla abalungile futhi banikeza izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezilandelayo:
● Ukulawulwa okuqinisekisiwe kwekhwalithi kokulinganisa kwengxube
● Okuqukethwe komoya okungaguquki futhi kuzinzile
● Ukugcinwa kokuvumelana (ukusebenza) (kufika emahoreni angama-72.)
●Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu
● Iqeda isidingo sezixube nokugcinwa kwezinto esizeni

Imikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwezisimende eseziphelelwe yisikhathi esezilungele ukusetshenziswa uma kwakhiwa amatshe angamunceki kanye nokunikeza, echazwe emishwaneni 4.6 no-4.7, kufanele kuqashelwe.

Izingxube zikakhonkolo ezifafaziwe
Ukhonkolo ofafaziwe uphonswa kuze kufike lapho kufakwe khona bese uqhutshwa umoya endaweni ngesivinini esikhulu.Izinhlelo zokusebenza zivame ukuma ziqonde phezulu noma phezulu futhi lokhu kudinga ukuqina okusheshayo uma ukuwohloka noma ukulahlekelwa ngokukhipha ukhonkolo ku-substrate ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo kufanele kugwenywe.Ekufakweni komhubhe, ukhonkolo ofuthiwe uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo kusenesikhathi futhi lokhu kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kusenesikhathi kanye nokuqinisa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izixube zingasetshenziswa kukhonkolo omusha ukunikeza ukuzinza nokulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi ngaphambi kokufafaza.Khona-ke ngokwengeza ingxube esheshayo ku-spray nozzle, i-rheology kanye nokumiswa kukakhonkolo kulawulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakheka okwanelisayo ku-substrate ngenani elincane lezinto ezingaboshiwe ezibangela ukuphindaphinda.
Kunezinqubo ezimbili:
●Inqubo eyomile lapho amanzi axubene nesisheshisi engezwa kungxube yodaka olomile
●futha umlomo.
●Inqubo yokumanzisa lapho udaka noma ukhonkolo uxutshwa kuqala ne-stabilizer / retarder ngaphambi kwalokho
● ukupompa ku-nozzle lapho i-accelerator yengezwe khona.

Inqubo yokumanzisa isiphenduke indlela ekhethwayo ezikhathini zamuva nje njengoba inciphisa ukukhishwa kwezintuli, inani lempahla ephindiselayo futhi inikeza ukhonkolo olawulwa kakhulu nongaguquguquki.

Ukugqwala okuvimbela izixube zikakhonkolo
Ukuqonda I-Concrete Admixtures - I-Corrosion inhibiting admixtures yandisa isimo sokudlula sokuqinisa kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezishunyekiwe ezakhiweni zikakhonkolo.Lokhu kungavimbela inqubo yokugqwala ezikhathini ezinwetshiwe lapho ukudlula bekuyolahleka ngenxa yokungena kwe-chloride noma i-carbonation.
Izixube ezivimbela ukugqwala ezingezwe kukhonkolo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza zibizwa ngokuthi “integral” corrosion inhibitors.Ama-Migratory corrosion inhibitors ayatholakala futhi angasetshenziswa kukhonkolo oqinile kodwa lezi akuzona izixube.
Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokugqwala kokuqinisa ukugqwala kwe-pitting ngenxa yokungena kwama-ion e-chloride ngokusebenzisa ukhonkolo ombozayo kanye nokusabalalisa okulandelayo phansi ensimbi egxilile.Nakuba ama-corrosion inhibitors akwazi ukuphakamisa umkhawulo wokugqwala wensimbi, awayona enye indlela yokukhiqiza ukhonkolo ongangeneki, ohlala isikhathi eside okhawulela ukusakazeka kwe-chloride.
I-carbonation kakhonkolo iholela ekwehleni kwe-alkalinity ezungeze insimbi futhi lokhu kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwe-passivation okungase kubangele ukugqwala kokuqiniswa okujwayelekile.Ama-Corrosion inhibitors angasiza ukuqapha lolu hlobo lokuhlasela.
Ama-Corrosion inhibitors anganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe kuyo yonke impilo yesevisi evamile yeminyaka engama-30 - 40.Izakhiwo ezisengozini ikakhulukazi yilezo ezichayeke endaweni yasolwandle noma ezinye izimo lapho ukungena kwe-chloride kukhonkolo kungenzeka.Izakhiwo ezinjalo zihlanganisa amabhuloho, imigudu, izitshalo zezimboni, ama-jetties, ama-wharves, amahlengethwa okubopha kanye nezindonga zolwandle.Izakhiwo zemigwaqo enguthelawayeka zingathinteka ekufakweni kukasawoti okhipha uqweqwe lukasawoti phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, kanjalo namapaki ezimoto anezitezi eziningi lapho amanzi anosawoti aconsa ezimotweni futhi ahwamuke esitezini esiphansi.

Izingxube zikakhonkolo ezinegwebu
Ukuqonda I-Concrete Admixtures - I-Foamed Concrete Admixtures ama-surfactants ahlanjululwa ngamanzi ngaphambi kokudlulisa isisombululo nge-generator ye-foam ekhiqiza i-foam yangaphambili ezinzile, efana nekhilimu yokushefa.Leli gwebu langaphambili libe selihlanganiswa odakeni lukasimende ngenani elikhiqiza ukuminyana okudingekayo odakeni olunegwebu (okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukhonkolo onegwebu).
I-Low Density Fill Admixtures nayo ingama-surfactants kodwa yengezwa ngokuqondile esihlabathini esicebile, ukhonkolo wokuqukethwe usimende ophansi ukunikeza u-15 kuya ku-25% womoya.Lokhu kugcwala okuphansi kokuminyana;ebizwa nangokuthi I-Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), inezinto ezinhle zokugeleza futhi ithola ukusetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcwalisa umsele neminye imisebenzi efanayo yokugcwalisa i-void yamandla aphansi.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nesicelo sekhotheshini, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nethimba lethu labadayisi.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-24-2021